It is a type of cancer that occurs in the rectum, the last part of the large intestine. What is Rectum Cancer? It is considered a subcategory of colorectal cancer. The rectum is the area of the intestine where stool collects before being eliminated from the body. It develops when cells in this area begin to multiply abnormally and become cancerous.
How Is Rectal Cancer Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is made through detailed medical examinations based on the patient's complaints and symptoms. First, the doctor reviews the patient's medical history and performs a physical examination. During the rectal examination, the doctor checks for any abnormal masses or lesions.
Definitive diagnosis is usually made with a colonoscopy. A colonoscopy is performed by inserting a thin, camera- and light-equipped colonoscope into the rectum. During this procedure, the doctor examines the intestinal walls in detail and takes biopsies of suspicious areas. A biopsy identifies cancer by examining a tissue sample under a microscope in a laboratory.
If the biopsy confirms the presence of cancer cells, additional testing is done to determine the stage and extent of spread. Imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and PET are used. These techniques help determine the size of the tumor. They are also used to determine if the cancer has spread to other organs.
Early diagnosis plays a critical role in successful treatment. Regular screenings and colonoscopies can help detect cancer in its early stages, increasing the chance of a cure and preserving the patient's quality of life.
What is Rectum Cancer? What are its symptoms?
Rectal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the rectum, the last section of the large intestine. The rectum is where feces collect before being expelled from the body. This type of cancer, which occurs when cells grow uncontrollably, falls into the category of colorectal cancer. If not diagnosed early, it can spread to other parts of the body and cause serious health problems.
- It usually develops slowly and may not show any obvious symptoms in the early stages. However, some common symptoms include:
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding is a common symptom.
- Prolonged diarrhea, constipation, or changes in stool shape may be observed.
- Patients with rectal cancer may experience abdominal pain or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen.
- Sudden weight loss without changes in diet or exercise can be alarming.
- Anemia may develop due to cancer, which can cause fatigue.
These symptoms can also be related to other health problems. Therefore, it is important to see a doctor if you are suspicious. Early diagnosis can prevent cancer from spreading and make treatment more effective. Regular screenings can help catch it in its early stages.
Rectal Cancer Treatment Options
Treatment options vary depending on the stage of the cancer, the patient's general health, and the location of the tumor. The main treatment methods include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
Surgery is the most common treatment method. In the early stages, only the cancerous tissue is removed. In advanced stages, part or all of the rectum may be removed (rectal resection). After surgery, patients require a temporary or permanent colostomy to maintain bowel function.
Radiotherapy is often used to reduce tumor size or control cancer before surgery. Radiation aims to destroy cancer cells. It can be used with or without surgery. It is an effective treatment, especially for localized tumors.
Chemotherapy is usually used in advanced stages. It aims to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be used before surgery (neoadjuvant) or after surgery (adjuvant). It is sometimes combined with radiotherapy.
What is rectal cancer?? In response, treatment options are personalized according to the patient's condition. They are also evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. In cases diagnosed early, the treatment success rate is quite high.
