![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mehmetcaglikulekci.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pankreas-kanseri-9.jpg\")
<\/p>
What is Pancreatic Cancer?<\/h2>
The pancreas is an organ located in the rearmost part of the abdomen, approximately 15 cm long, and its front side is completely covered by the stomach, duodenum and large intestine (colon). Although it has many important functions, it plays an important role in digesting food and keeping blood sugar balanced. Although pancreatic cancers develop in every region of the organ, they most commonly develop in the head region. Again, they most frequently originate from secretory cells and are called adenocarcinoma.<\/p>
Risk factors<\/strong><\/h3>Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sebebi bilinmemekle birlikte sigara i\u00e7enlerde ve \u015fi\u015fman bireylerde daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hastalar\u0131n hemen hemen %30\u2019unda pankreas kanserinin nedeni sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Eri\u015fkin tip \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 pankreas kanseri tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok az say\u0131da hastada soya \u00e7ekim ile pankreas kanseri geli\u015febilir. Pankreas kanseri erkeklerde kad\u0131nlardan daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olup risk ya\u015fla birlikte artar. Ortalama ya\u015f erkeklerde 63, kad\u0131nlarda ise 67\u2019dir.<\/p>
Symptoms<\/strong><\/h3>Pancreatic cancer; It may occur with psychological disorders such as weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, loss of appetite, nausea-vomiting, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, indigestion, back pain, glazier-colored stools, pallor, sudden onset of diabetes without a family history, and depression. . The patient loses weight as a result of insufficient food intake along with bloating, indigestion and loss of appetite. Jaundice is the most common and earliest symptom. It initially appears in the eyes, then yellowing of the skin occurs, followed by the urine color darkening to 'tea-coloured urine', and finally resulting in a light color of the stool, described as 'glazier's paste'. The cause of jaundice is the obstruction of the excretion of bilirubin produced in the liver into the duodenum as a result of obstruction of the bile duct by pancreatic cancer. While the pain is initially described as a vague abdominal pain, a mild discomfort, it later becomes an abdominal pain that hits the back. It is blunt in nature. It is often accompanied by symptoms of bloating and indigestion.<\/p>
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mehmetcaglikulekci.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/236.jpg\")
<\/p>
What are the First Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer?<\/h4>
Pancreatic cancer usually does not cause symptoms in the early stages and is often diagnosed in more advanced stages. However, some symptoms may be observed even in the early stages. These symptoms may include:<\/p>
- Stomach ache: <\/b>Pancreatic cancer usually causes pain in the upper abdominal area. This pain is usually constant and severe.<\/li>
- Loss of appetite: <\/b>Some people with pancreatic cancer may experience loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue.<\/li>
- Diarrhea or constipation: <\/b>Pancreatic cancer can affect bowel movements and cause diarrhea or constipation.<\/li>
- Nausea and vomiting: <\/b>Some people with pancreatic cancer may experience nausea and vomiting.<\/li>
- Jaundice: <\/b>Pancreatic cancer can block the bile ducts and cause symptoms such as jaundice. This symptom is manifested by yellowing of the skin and eyes.<\/li><\/ul>
These symptoms may not be specific to pancreatic cancer and may also be a symptom of other diseases. Therefore, people who experience any one or more of these symptoms are recommended to consult their doctor. It is also recommended that people with risk factors (for example, smokers or those with a family history of pancreatic cancer) have regular screening tests.<\/em><\/p>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/h3>Diagnosis can be difficult because the disease occurs with insidious symptoms. In patients caught in the early stages, it is important for the physician to suspect this disease and conduct research on it, most frequently at the time of application to the physician.<\/p>
Laboratory examinations:<\/em>\u00a0Serum bilirubins, alkaline phosphatase, liver transaminases and tumor markers such as CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 125 were increased. There is bilirubin positivity in the urine.<\/p>Ultrasonography:<\/em>\u00a0It is almost always the first examination method to be used. It provides information about the presence of a hard or cystic mass in the pancreas, the size of the mass, the relationship of the mass with other surrounding structures and its proximity to vascular structures.<\/p>Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):<\/em>\u00a0BT a\u011f\u0131z ve damar yolu ile kontrast ila\u00e7 verilerek \u00e7ekildi\u011finde pankreas t\u00fcm\u00f6rleri hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bilgiler verir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k %95 ve \u00fczerinde tan\u0131 koydurucu \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. MR g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 tan\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemlidir. Bu iki inceleme gerekti\u011finde birlikte kullan\u0131larak hastaya verilecek ameliyat karar\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn evrelemesinin do\u011fru yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>Pancreatic tumor, pancreatic resection (removal)<\/em><\/p>Treatment<\/strong><\/h3>At the beginning of treatment, at the end of physical examination, laboratory and radiological examinations, the stage of the pancreatic tumor, its relationship with neighboring organs, and whether it has spread to neighboring vessels and\/or distant organs are determined and the chance of surgical removal is evaluated. Surgery cannot be performed on advanced stage tumors. Along with chemotherapy to be applied to these patients, some interventions can be applied to improve the comfort of life by correcting existing jaundice, providing nutritional support, and reducing pain. For this purpose, endoscopy is performed through the mouth through the stomach, placing a tube (stent) that allows passage to the bile duct, draining the bile out of the abdominal skin with a catheter inserted into the intra-liver bile ducts with the help of a needle, advanced pain management techniques, and injecting this part through the mouth in tumors that cause obstruction in the duodenum. Methods such as insertion of a stent by entering the endoscopic method are used.<\/p>
Surgical treatment:<\/em>\u00a0If the tumor is suitable for surgical removal after examination, 'Whipple surgery' is classically performed. In addition, if the tumor is located in the body and tail part of the pancreas, relatively easier resection methods are applied. Surgical removal of the tumor is the only chance of cure for these patients. In pancreatic head tumors, the surgery becomes more complicated as it is not possible to surgically remove only the head part of the pancreas. In Whipple surgery; Along with the head of the pancreas, the gallbladder, a part of the main bile duct, the duodenum, a part of the stomach and the surrounding lymph nodes are removed en bloc.<\/p>Pankreas Kanserinin Cerrahi Tedavisi (Whipple Ameliyat\u0131) Olduk\u00e7a uzun s\u00fcreli, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli organlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yeniden devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonras\u0131nda hastan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm (mortalite) veya kanama olmas\u0131, sindirim sisteminin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan diki\u015flerden ka\u00e7ak olmas\u0131 (fist\u00fcl) gibi k\u00f6t\u00fc durumlarla (morbidite) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilmektedir. D\u00fcnyada kabul edilen \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 %5 ve alt\u0131ndaki orand\u0131r. Yine ameliyat sonras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan komplikasyonlar i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyada kabul edilen oran %15-20\u2019dir. \u00dclkemiz \u015fartlar\u0131nda bu oranlar %5-10 mortalite ve %20-25 morbidite oranlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>
Radiation Therapy<\/em>: Also called radiotherapy. It involves using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy only affects the cells in the area being treated. Radiation is the application of external beams through a machine. Radiotherapy is used alone or in combination with chemotherapy instead of surgery, especially if the location and size of the tumor makes surgery difficult or in cases where surgery cannot be performed. Radiotherapy can be used in combination with chemotherapy to shrink the tumor before surgery. In some cases, radiotherapy may be given to prevent recurrences after surgery.<\/p>Chemotherapy:<\/em>\u00a0It is the use of anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells. In pancreatic cancer, drug treatment called chemotherapy can be applied, taking into account the general condition of the patients before or after surgery. Chemotherapy may be used along with radiotherapy to shrink the tumor before surgery or as primary treatment instead of surgery. Surgery and radiotherapy have no place in widespread advanced disease. It has been reported that the quality of life of patients can be significantly improved and their survival may be prolonged by applying chemotherapy to this group of patients.<\/p>After Treatment<\/strong><\/h3>Survival:<\/em>\u00a0Erken tan\u0131 ile ameliyat edilip tam iyile\u015fme \u015fans\u0131 %50\u2019nin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Antikanser ila\u00e7lar ve \u0131\u015f\u0131n tedavisi iyile\u015fme oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak geride kanser h\u00fccresi b\u0131rak\u0131lan ameliyatlardan sonra veya kom\u015fu organlara yay\u0131l\u0131m olan durumlarda sa\u011fkal\u0131m oranlar\u0131 iyi de\u011fildir.<\/p>Protection:<\/em>\u00a0For protection, one should stay away from tobacco, have a balanced diet, exercise regularly and lose excess weight.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
Pancreatic cancer; It may occur with psychological disorders such as weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, loss of appetite, nausea-vomiting, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, indigestion, back pain, glazier-colored stools, pallor, sudden onset of diabetes without a family history, and depression. . The patient loses weight as a result of insufficient food intake along with bloating, indigestion and loss of appetite. Jaundice is the most common and earliest symptom. It initially appears in the eyes, then yellowing of the skin occurs, followed by the urine color darkening to 'tea-coloured urine', and finally resulting in a light color of the stool, described as 'glazier's paste'. The cause of jaundice is the obstruction of the excretion of bilirubin produced in the liver into the duodenum as a result of obstruction of the bile duct by pancreatic cancer. While the pain is initially described as a vague abdominal pain, a mild discomfort, it later becomes an abdominal pain that hits the back. It is blunt in nature. It is often accompanied by symptoms of bloating and indigestion.<\/p>
<\/p>
What are the First Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer?<\/h4>
Pancreatic cancer usually does not cause symptoms in the early stages and is often diagnosed in more advanced stages. However, some symptoms may be observed even in the early stages. These symptoms may include:<\/p>
- Stomach ache: <\/b>Pancreatic cancer usually causes pain in the upper abdominal area. This pain is usually constant and severe.<\/li>
- Loss of appetite: <\/b>Some people with pancreatic cancer may experience loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue.<\/li>
- Diarrhea or constipation: <\/b>Pancreatic cancer can affect bowel movements and cause diarrhea or constipation.<\/li>
- Nausea and vomiting: <\/b>Some people with pancreatic cancer may experience nausea and vomiting.<\/li>
- Jaundice: <\/b>Pancreatic cancer can block the bile ducts and cause symptoms such as jaundice. This symptom is manifested by yellowing of the skin and eyes.<\/li><\/ul>
These symptoms may not be specific to pancreatic cancer and may also be a symptom of other diseases. Therefore, people who experience any one or more of these symptoms are recommended to consult their doctor. It is also recommended that people with risk factors (for example, smokers or those with a family history of pancreatic cancer) have regular screening tests.<\/em><\/p>
Diagnosis<\/strong><\/h3>
Diagnosis can be difficult because the disease occurs with insidious symptoms. In patients caught in the early stages, it is important for the physician to suspect this disease and conduct research on it, most frequently at the time of application to the physician.<\/p>
Laboratory examinations:<\/em>\u00a0Serum bilirubins, alkaline phosphatase, liver transaminases and tumor markers such as CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 125 were increased. There is bilirubin positivity in the urine.<\/p>
Ultrasonography:<\/em>\u00a0It is almost always the first examination method to be used. It provides information about the presence of a hard or cystic mass in the pancreas, the size of the mass, the relationship of the mass with other surrounding structures and its proximity to vascular structures.<\/p>
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):<\/em>\u00a0BT a\u011f\u0131z ve damar yolu ile kontrast ila\u00e7 verilerek \u00e7ekildi\u011finde pankreas t\u00fcm\u00f6rleri hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bilgiler verir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k %95 ve \u00fczerinde tan\u0131 koydurucu \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. MR g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 tan\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemlidir. Bu iki inceleme gerekti\u011finde birlikte kullan\u0131larak hastaya verilecek ameliyat karar\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn evrelemesinin do\u011fru yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>
Pancreatic tumor, pancreatic resection (removal)<\/em><\/p>
Treatment<\/strong><\/h3>
At the beginning of treatment, at the end of physical examination, laboratory and radiological examinations, the stage of the pancreatic tumor, its relationship with neighboring organs, and whether it has spread to neighboring vessels and\/or distant organs are determined and the chance of surgical removal is evaluated. Surgery cannot be performed on advanced stage tumors. Along with chemotherapy to be applied to these patients, some interventions can be applied to improve the comfort of life by correcting existing jaundice, providing nutritional support, and reducing pain. For this purpose, endoscopy is performed through the mouth through the stomach, placing a tube (stent) that allows passage to the bile duct, draining the bile out of the abdominal skin with a catheter inserted into the intra-liver bile ducts with the help of a needle, advanced pain management techniques, and injecting this part through the mouth in tumors that cause obstruction in the duodenum. Methods such as insertion of a stent by entering the endoscopic method are used.<\/p>
Surgical treatment:<\/em>\u00a0If the tumor is suitable for surgical removal after examination, 'Whipple surgery' is classically performed. In addition, if the tumor is located in the body and tail part of the pancreas, relatively easier resection methods are applied. Surgical removal of the tumor is the only chance of cure for these patients. In pancreatic head tumors, the surgery becomes more complicated as it is not possible to surgically remove only the head part of the pancreas. In Whipple surgery; Along with the head of the pancreas, the gallbladder, a part of the main bile duct, the duodenum, a part of the stomach and the surrounding lymph nodes are removed en bloc.<\/p>
Pankreas Kanserinin Cerrahi Tedavisi (Whipple Ameliyat\u0131) Olduk\u00e7a uzun s\u00fcreli, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli organlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yeniden devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonras\u0131nda hastan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm (mortalite) veya kanama olmas\u0131, sindirim sisteminin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan diki\u015flerden ka\u00e7ak olmas\u0131 (fist\u00fcl) gibi k\u00f6t\u00fc durumlarla (morbidite) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilmektedir. D\u00fcnyada kabul edilen \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 %5 ve alt\u0131ndaki orand\u0131r. Yine ameliyat sonras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan komplikasyonlar i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyada kabul edilen oran %15-20\u2019dir. \u00dclkemiz \u015fartlar\u0131nda bu oranlar %5-10 mortalite ve %20-25 morbidite oranlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>
Radiation Therapy<\/em>: Also called radiotherapy. It involves using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy only affects the cells in the area being treated. Radiation is the application of external beams through a machine. Radiotherapy is used alone or in combination with chemotherapy instead of surgery, especially if the location and size of the tumor makes surgery difficult or in cases where surgery cannot be performed. Radiotherapy can be used in combination with chemotherapy to shrink the tumor before surgery. In some cases, radiotherapy may be given to prevent recurrences after surgery.<\/p>
Chemotherapy:<\/em>\u00a0It is the use of anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells. In pancreatic cancer, drug treatment called chemotherapy can be applied, taking into account the general condition of the patients before or after surgery. Chemotherapy may be used along with radiotherapy to shrink the tumor before surgery or as primary treatment instead of surgery. Surgery and radiotherapy have no place in widespread advanced disease. It has been reported that the quality of life of patients can be significantly improved and their survival may be prolonged by applying chemotherapy to this group of patients.<\/p>
After Treatment<\/strong><\/h3>
Survival:<\/em>\u00a0Erken tan\u0131 ile ameliyat edilip tam iyile\u015fme \u015fans\u0131 %50\u2019nin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Antikanser ila\u00e7lar ve \u0131\u015f\u0131n tedavisi iyile\u015fme oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak geride kanser h\u00fccresi b\u0131rak\u0131lan ameliyatlardan sonra veya kom\u015fu organlara yay\u0131l\u0131m olan durumlarda sa\u011fkal\u0131m oranlar\u0131 iyi de\u011fildir.<\/p>
Protection:<\/em>\u00a0For protection, one should stay away from tobacco, have a balanced diet, exercise regularly and lose excess weight.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t - Loss of appetite: <\/b>Some people with pancreatic cancer may experience loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue.<\/li>