What is Rectum Cancer?<\/h2><\/div>
It is known that there are different "risk factors" that are effective in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). These; being over 50 years old \u2013 due to fat<\/p>
rich, fiber-poor diet \u2013 Presence of \u201csynchronous\u201d or \u201cmetachronous\u201d (developed later) colorectal adenoma or CRC \u2013 \u201cAmsterdam-I\u201d \u201cAmsterdam-II\u201d, which relates cancer cases in the family to the possible cancer risk of other family members \u201d and \u201cHereditary risk factors\u201d expressed by \u201cBethesta criteria\u201d \u2013 can be counted as the \u201crisk of developing CRC\u201d that develops in the advanced stages of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.<\/p>
Geli\u015fmi\u015f toplumlarda 100 000\u2019de 50 s\u0131kl\u0131k ile g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve t\u00fcm kanserler aras\u0131nda 4. s\u0131rada yer alan KRK\u2019lerin, yakla\u015f\u0131k %20\u2019sini Rektum kanseri (RK) olu\u015fturur. Rektumu kolon\u2019dan ay\u0131ran ana \u00f6zellik, yerle\u015fiminin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>
RK leri, makroskopik patoloji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201cpolipoid (vejetan) \u2013 \u00fclser\u00f6z \u2013 infiltratif\u201d tiplerde g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz, en az rastlanan infiltratif tiplerdir. Mikroskopik olarak ise %98\u2019i \u201cadenokanser\u201ddir.<\/p>

Symptoms<\/strong><\/h3>
While some patients with RC may remain asymptomatic until the disease reaches an advanced stage, they may consult a physician with complaints such as changes in defecation patterns (newly occurring constipation or diarrhea, recurrent), rectal bleeding, decrease in stool diameter, difficulty in defecation, and similar complaints. Perianal pain - anal sphincter, nerve tissues or bone involvement, and tenesmus (painful feeling of defecation) are symptoms of "advanced disease", suggesting a decrease in rectal capacity caused by a large-volume tumor. Stenosis that prevents passage through this area causes abdominal swelling, nausea, vomiting and colic-like pain. In some cases, the rectum may become obstructed by a tumor mass and a "bowel obstruction" situation may develop.<\/p>
The most common symptom due to RC is change in defecation habits, and the second most common symptom is rectal bleeding.<\/p>
Tumors can be detected by examining the anal canal and rectum with "finger" or "endoscopy".<\/p>
Definitive Diagnosis<\/strong><\/h3>
It is diagnosed by \u201cendoscopy\u201d and \u201cbiopsy\u201d.<\/p>
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is measured before surgery and used for comparison in postoperative follow-ups.<\/p>
En \u00f6nemli prognostik g\u00f6sterge, te\u015fhis esnas\u0131nda \u201ct\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn yayg\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d derecesidir. \u0130n situ karsinom (Tis), \u201cy\u00fcksek grade displazi\u201d olarak da kabul edilmektedir ve lenf nodu invazyonu g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Barsak duvar\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 (T1, T2) t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerde lenf nodu metastaz\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla %5 ve %20 oran\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken rektum duvar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen kaplayan ve kom\u015fu yap\u0131lara da ta\u015fan t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerde (T3, T4) lenf nodu tutulumu %50\u2019yi a\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Tutulan lenf nodu say\u0131s\u0131 4\u2019\u00fc a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, prognoz olumsuz etkilenir. KRK\u2019de en s\u0131k rastlanan uzak metastaz karaci\u011ferde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve portal ven dallar\u0131n\u0131n invazyonu yoluyla hematojen yay\u0131l\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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